Yalembeka · Tumbuka

Kujula akaunti ya banki ya kampani ku China

Ndondomeko ya ntchito kwa ŵakambiska mabizinesi ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake awo ŵakukhazikika ku mainland China: umo mungajulira akaunti ya banki ya kampani, vyakukhumbikwa, mabanki, nthowa zakusankhira, na mazolero ghanandi.

Nkhani iyi njambura kuwongolera malango panji msonkho. Ndi umozi wakugwilira ntchito (general information), ndipo mulwani kukonza ni wachuma (bank), wakuwona vya malango (lawyer) panji wakuwona vya msonkho (tax adviser) wa ku China.

Chifukwa akaunti ya banki ya kampani njakukhumbikwa

Mu mainland China, akaunti ya banki ya kampani (chiChinese: 对公账户, duigong zhanghu) ni yimoza mwa vinthu vyakukhumbikwa chomene pakati pa bizinesi. Kampani yikenera akaunti iyi kuti yikwaniske kulipira msonkho, kulipira ŵantchito (social insurance), kupoka ndalama za kasitomala, kupoka ngwezi (invoice), na kugura vinthu mu mazina gha kampani. Akaunti ya munthu payekha (personal account) yingaŵa yakugwilira ntchito pa nyengo yinandi, kweni yikwenera yayi kuŵa akaunti yakukolerana na nthowa za bizinesi.

Vinthu vikwenda makora chomene usange mwajula akaunti yiŵe pambere mundambe kugwira ntchito, chifukwa banki yikwenera kuwona kuti mulije mabizinesi ghakukolerana na mazina gha kampani.

Vyakukhumbikwa (documents) vyakujula akaunti

Vinthu vyakukhumbikwa vikupambana chomene pakati pa mabanki na nthowa, kweni vinthu ivi ni vyakukhumbikwa chomene:

• Business license (营业执照) ya kampani, iyo yili na chizindikiro cha “unified social credit code”.
• Chizindikiro cha kampani (company seal), na ma seal ghanandi ghakukhumbikwa (seal ya chuma, seal ya munthu, etc.).
• Mazina gha ŵalongozgi (legal representative) na company chop ya ŵalongozgi.
• Mazina gha ŵakuchita mabizinesi (shareholders) na ma ID ghakugwilira ntchito (passport panji ID ya ku China).
• Chikalata cha malo gha bizinesi (lease/rental agreement) na bili ya ma utility (electricity, water) iyo yikulongora kuti malo ghakugwilira ntchito ghakuwoneka.
• Chikalata cha kampani (Articles of Association) na chikalata chakulongora umo ŵalongozgi ŵasankhika.
• Beneficial owner information — mazina gha munthu panji ŵanthu awo ŵakuchita mabizinesi ghakukolerana na ndalama zinandi.
• Usange kampani ni ya vyaru vinyake, mabanki ghanandi ghakukhumba chikalata chakulongora kuti kampani yilipo (certificate of incorporation) na ma notarization/legalization ghakufuma ku charu chake.

Mabanki ghanandi ghakukhumba kuti mazina gha vinthu ivi ghaŵe ghakuyana waka (consistent) na umo vili mu business license. Usange mazina gha mu passport ghakupambana na gha mu chikalata, banki yingaŵa yakusuzga.

Mabanki ghakusankhika

Mabanki gha boma (state-owned banks)

Mabanki ghakukulu gha boma nga ni Bank of China, ICBC, China Construction Bank, na Agricultural Bank of China ghali na nthowa zinandi na mabanki ghakukolerana mu vyaru vinyake. Ghakupambana: mabanki agha ghakukhumba vinthu vinandi chomene (compliance), ndipo nthowa yakujulira yikwenera kuŵa yakudikira nyengo yitali. Kweni ndiwo ghakuzomerezgeka chomene ku kasitomala ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake.

Mabanki gha mabizinesi ghachoko (joint-stock banks)

Mabanki nga ni China Merchants Bank, Ping An Bank, na China CITIC Bank ghakumanyikwa kuti ghakugwira ntchito mwachangu chomene na kasitomala ŵachoko. Nthowa yakujulira yingaŵa yapafupi, kweni mabanki agha ghakwenera kuti ghakuwona makora usange ndalama zikufuma ku vyaru vinyake.

Mabanki gha vyaru vinyake (foreign banks)

Mabanki gha vyaru vinyake (nga HSBC, Standard Chartered, Citibank) ghali na nthowa za chiyowoyero cha Chingelezi na ŵantchito ŵakumanya mabizinesi gha vyaru vinyake. Kweni mabanki agha ghakukhumba ndalama zinandi zakwambira (minimum deposit) ndipo ghakupambana na mabanki gha ku China pa vinthu vya msonkho na nthowa za malango.

Ndondomeko ya kujula akaunti, sitepi ni sitepi

1. Sankhani banki na foni yakuŵatuma

Pambere mundajule akaunti, foni banki (panji cheza ku ofesi ya banki) kuti mumanye vyakukhumbikwa. Mabanki ghanandi ghali na “corporate account opening” department yapadera. Mu mizi yikulu nga Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen na Guangzhou, mabanki ghanandi ghali na ŵantchito ŵakuyowoya Chingelezi.

2. Konzani vikalata vyose

Konzani vikalata vyose pambere mundize ku banki, chifukwa kubwezera ku ofesi chifukwa cha chikalata chimoza kukutondeska. Mabanki ghakukhumba mazina gha vikalata ghakuyana waka na umo vili mu business license.

3. Pitani ku ofesi ya banki na ŵalongozgi

Mu China, banki yikwenera kuwona legal representative (panji munthu uyo wali na mazaza ghakulongora) yekha. Munthu uyu wakwenera kuŵapo pa nthowa yakujula akaunti. Ŵakuchita mabizinesi ŵanyake ŵangaŵapo yayi usange ŵalije mazaza ghakulongora.

4. Kufufuza kwa banki (KYC)

Banki yikufumba mafumbo ghanandi: kufuma ndalama zikufuma nkhani wuli, ndalama zikuluta nkhani wuli, mabizinesi ghakukolerana na ŵani, na umo ntchito yikugwilira. Mabanki ghakwenera kufufuza “beneficial owners” na kuŵa na chikalata chakulongora kuti ndalama zilije vinyake (anti-money laundering).

5. Kujula akaunti na kupoka vinthu

Usange vinthu vyose vyakwana, banki yingaŵa na akaunti pamasinda pa mazuŵa ghachoko panji ma sabata ghanandi. Banki yikupasa kampani chikalata cha akaunti, chizindikiro cha akaunti (account number), na ma token gha online banking. Mabanki ghanandi ghakukhumba kuti ndalama zinyake ziŵikike mu akaunti pambere yijulike (minimum deposit).

Vinthu vyakusuzga ivyo mungakumana navyo

• Nthowa yakudikira: mabanki gha boma ghangaŵa na nyengo yitali chomene, chomene usange muli na ndalama zakufuma ku vyaru vinyake.
• Chiyowoyero: mabanki ghanandi ghakugwira ntchito mu Chichinese waka. Ŵantchito ŵakuyowoya Chingelezi ŵangaŵapo yayi ku mizi yichoko.
• Malo gha bizinesi: banki yikukhumba kuona malo ghakugwilira ntchito. Usange mukugwira ntchito mu “virtual office”, banki yingaŵa yakukana.
• Mazina gha vikalata: usange mazina gha munthu mu passport na mu business license ghakupambana, banki yikwenera chikalata chakulongora kuti ni munthu uyo waka.
• Kufufuza kwa ndalama: mabanki ghakufufuza chomene ndalama zakufuma ku vyaru vinyake. Konzani vikalata vyakulongora umo ndalama zafuma (contracts, invoices).

Mazgo ghaumaliro

Kujula akaunti ya banki ya kampani ku China ni nthowa iyo yikukhumba kukonza makora na kudikira. Ntchito yikwenera kuti yambiskenge na kusankha banki yakuyana na bizinesi yinu, kukonza vikalata vyose pambere, na kumanya kuti banki yikwenera kuwona legal representative yekha. Nkhani iyi njambura kuwongolera malango panji msonkho; mulwani kubwezera ku wakuwona vya malango (lawyer) na wakuwona vya msonkho (tax adviser) wa ku China pambere mundambe nthowa iyi.