Yalembeka · Tumbuka

Kulembeska Kampani ku China: Makalata, Vilato na Nyengo

Chilongozgo cha wanangwa kwa ŵanthu ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake awo ŵakukhumba kujura kampani ku mainland China. Tikuwona makalata ghakukhumbikwa, vilato vya pa nyengo na nyengo iyo yikutolera kulembeska, pamoza na malingaliro gha kugwiliskira ntchito.

Kujura kampani ku mainland China ni chinthu chikuru chomene kwa munthu uyo wakufuma ku charu china. Charu cha China chili na dango la kampani ilo likovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku vyaru vinyake ŵajure mabizinesi, kweni pali makalata ghanandi, vilato na nyengo izo mukwenera kuziŵa pambere mundambe. Ichi ni chilingozgo cha general information, mwambura kukhala malango gha dango panji msonkho. Mwenera kupempha wovwiri kwa loya (lawyer) na wakuwona msonkho (tax advisor) ŵa ku China pambere mwatora chinthu chilichose.

Vyakwambira: chifukwa cha kulembeska kampani

Kampani iyo yikulembeskwa ku China yikuŵa na wanangwa wa kuchita malonda mu charu ichi, kujura akaunti ya banki ya ku China, kupempha ma visa gha bizinesi, na kusaina makontrakiti na ŵakuguliska panji ŵakugura. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake ŵakusankha kampani ya mtundu wa Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprise (WFOE), iyo ni kampani iyo mwenecho ni munthu wa ku charu china pekha. Vinyake ni Joint Venture (kampani ya ŵenecho ŵaŵiri panji kujumpha) na Representative Office (ofesi yakuyimira, iyo yingachita yayi malonda ghakupindiska).

Pambere mundambe, sankhani mtundu wa kampani, chaka cha ndalama, na chigaŵa (sector) icho mukukhumba kuchita. Vigaŵa vinyake vili na vilato vyakusuzga panji vikukanizgika kwa ŵanthu ŵa ku vyaru vinyake; ndipo vigaŵa vinyake vikukhumbika kuti muŵe na layisensi yakudumura. Ivi vikuwoneka mu Negative List ya boma.

Makalata ghakukhumbikwa

Makalata ghakukhumbikwa ghakusazgapo (kweni ghakulekana malinga na chigaŵa na mtundu wa kampani):

• Pasipoti ya mwenecho (shareholder) na wa director, pamoza na ma-copy ghakusindikizgika na notary.
• Ukaboni wa kukhala (proof of address) wa mwenecho na director, nga ni bill ya banki panji ya foni.
• Chikalata cha kampani ya ku charu china (certificate of incorporation) na ma-article of association, ghakusindikizgika na notary na kuthandazgika (legalization) panji kusainirika na Apostille malinga na charu.
• Dokumenti ya kusankha (board resolution) kufuma ku kampani ya ku charu china, iyo yikukhwaskana na kujura kampani ku China.
• Fomu yakulembeska ya zina la kampani, iyo mukwenera kuyezga pambere mundalembeske; zina likwenera kuŵa lakupambana na mazina gha kampani zinyake.
• Chikalata cha malo (lease agreement) gha ofesi panji malo ghakuchitira ntchito, pamoza na ukaboni wa mwenecho wa nyumba.
• Chikalata cha ndalama (capital contribution plan) na ukaboni wa ndalama izo zikuluta ku akaunti ya kampani.
• Fomu za msonkho na za banki izo zikukhumbikwa pa nyengo ya kulembeska.

Makalata ghanandi ghakwenera kuŵa mu Chichinese panji kuŵa na mazgu gha Chichinese. Ntheura mwenera kuŵa na wakutumbulira (translator) wakugomezgeka.

Vilato (steps) vya kulembeska

Kulembeska kwa kampani kukwenda mu vilato vya mu boma, ndipo vilato ivi vikulekana malinga na chigaŵa. Pa chigaŵa chilichose, kampani yikulembeskwa ku ofesi ya Administration for Market Regulation (AMR).

1. Kufufuza na kusankha zina

Lembeskani zina la kampani ku AMR pa intaneti panji ku ofesi. Zina likwenera kuŵa na chigaŵa, mtundu wa bizinesi na zina lakupambana. Para zina lasankhika, mukupokera chikalata cha kukhozga zina (name pre-approval), icho chikukhala nyengo yifupi.

2. Kukonza makalata gha notary na legalization

Makalata gha ku charu china ghakwenera kusindikizgika na notary, kuthandazgika (legalization) ku ofesi ya boma ya China ku charu icho, panji kusainirika na Apostille para charu icho chili mu mgwirizano wa Apostille. Ici chikutora mazuŵa ghanandi, ntheura ŵanakwiza pambere ŵandambe.

3. Kupempha layisensi ya bizinesi

Mukaluta na makalata ghose ku AMR. Para makalata ghakwanira, AMR yikupereka business license (layisensi ya bizinesi). Iyi ni chikalata chikuru icho chikukhozga kuti kampani yilipo. Pa nyengo iyi, kampani yikuŵa na nambala ya kulembeska (unified social credit code).

4. Kusinda chikopa (chop) na kujura akaunti ya banki

Kampani yikukhumbika chikopa cha kampani. Kujura akaunti ya banki ya kampani kukukhumbika business license, chikopa, na makalata gha mwenecho. Akaunti iyi ndiyo yikugwiriskira ntchito ndalama za kampani, kusazgapo capital contribution.

5. Kulembeska ku msonkho na ku ofesi ya ŵantchito

Kampani yikwenera kulembeska ku ofesi ya msonkho (tax bureau) na ku ofesi ya ŵantchito (social insurance). Ici chikukhwaskana na msonkho wa VAT, msonkho wa ndalama (corporate income tax) na msonkho wa ŵantchito. Mukwenera kusankha mtundu wa msonkho wa kampani (general taxpayer panji small-scale taxpayer).

6. Kupokera layisensi zinyake para zikukhumbikwa

Vigaŵa vinyake vikukhumbika layisensi yakudumura, nga ni chakurya, ma pharmaceuticals, panji ma services ghakukhwaskana na intaneti. Ivi vikwenera kupemphika ku ofesi yakudumura.

Nyengo (timeline)

Nyengo yakulembeska kampani yikuthemba pa chigaŵa, mtundu wa kampani, na luŵiro lwa makalata gha ku charu china. Pa ŵanthu ŵanandi, njira yose yikutora pakati pa 1 na 3 myezi. Vigaŵa vinyake vingatora nyengo yitali chomene para layisensi yakudumura yikukhumbikwa.

• Kufufuza zina: mazuŵa ghachoko (kanandi zuŵa limoza panji ghaŵiri).
• Notary na legalization ya makalata gha ku charu china: mazuŵa 5-20, malinga na charu na ofesi.
• Kupempha business license: mazuŵa 5-15 para makalata ghakwanira.
• Kusinda chikopa na kujura akaunti ya banki: mazuŵa 3-10.
• Kulembeska ku msonkho na social insurance: mazuŵa 3-10.
• Layisensi yakudumura: myezi 1-6, malinga na chigaŵa.

Nyengo iyi ni ya general information yeka, ndipo yikulekana na vinthu vinyake nga ni nyengo ya maholide gha ku China, luŵiro lwa ofesi, na makalata ghambura kwanira. Ntheura mwenera kuŵa na nyengo yakuzizira (buffer) mu ndondomeko yinu.

Malingaliro gha kugwiliskira ntchito

Lembeskani kampani ya ku charu china kale panji kusankha wakuyimira wakugomezgeka ku China. Konzani makalata ghose pambere mundambe, chomenechome notary na legalization, chifukwa ni apo nyengo yinandi yikutayika. Gwilisanipo ntchito na loya wa ku China uyo wakumanya dango la ŵanthu ŵa ku vyaru vinyake. Wonani kuti msonkho na vilato vya ŵantchito vikwenera kuchitika nyengo yose para kampani yajulika, mwambura kuchepa.

Chikuru: kulembeska kampani ni chigaŵa chimoza pera; kuchita bizinesi ku China kukukhumbika kumanya ŵakuguliska, makontrakiti, na msonkho wa VAT. Pemphani wovwiri wa ŵamanyi pambere mundachite chinthu chikuru. Awa ni general information, yambura kukhala dango panji msonkho weneko.